Stage lighting is the soul of the stage. With light, the audience can see everything on the stage. Colorful scene, colorful world, blue sky and white clouds, red men and green women, red wine and green, colorful, everything is realized by light and color. Based on the important role of stage lighting in performance, every lighting worker must understand and master the basic knowledge of stage lighting, and properly use lamp devices in the practice of dramatic lighting, so as to achieve the best performance effect.

1、 Stage lighting

Stage lighting is frequently used in theatrical performances, usually including face light, ear light, top light, column light, foot light, sky light, ground light, flowing light and backlight. The basic light, character light and background light presented by the comprehensive use of the above lights create a specific atmosphere for the theater stage, which can meet the needs of the plot. Let's introduce them one by one.

1. Basic light. In order to make the audience see the stage clearly and the performance clearly, we must first give the whole stage a basic lighting. This basic lighting includes uniform white and color lighting. Basic white light lighting is necessary, but the illumination requirement is not high, especially in some occasions with a large audience, at the climax of some performances, or some special performances, basic white light is particularly important. The basic color light is the atmosphere light of the whole stage, which determines the tone of the whole lighting effect. It is either passionate, romantic and warm, or sad and melancholy. In the selection of lamps and lanterns, spotlights shall be selected for the lamps installed in front of the stage and thrown into the stage. The color light shall be obtained by adding color filters. The color shall not be too dark. Spotlights or beam lamps are generally used on the top of the performance stage and behind the stage (backlight). The light can be cast on the audience from behind. The brightness can be brighter or thicker colors can be selected.

2. Character light. Group performances and large-area lighting are solved by basic white lights. The local lighting, the lighting of the host or the protagonist of the drama are solved with spotlights, so it is best to equip 2 to 3 spotlights to deal with different occasions. For relatively fixed performers, beam lamps can be used to cast light at fixed points.

3. Background light. Background light is to properly highlight the stage background, so that they can be integrated into the performance and set off the theme. The background of some songs and dances will change with different performers. Each change is due to the needs of beauty or program. Generally, the commonly used background lights include sky curtain lights, ground curtain lights, beam lights, etc.

2、 Configuration of lamps

The configuration mode of lamps and lanterns can be changed according to needs. The basic principle of configuration is to scientifically consider the performance of various lamps and lanterns, so as to make the lamps and lanterns used play a full role and serve the best performance effect. There are many kinds of stages in the theater: ordinary frame stage, extended stage, island stage, etc. Because the stage forms are different, the configuration requirements of lamps are also different. The following takes the general frame stage as an example to talk about the configuration of stage lamps.

1. Spotlight. The spotlight used on the stage refers to the use of a flat convex condenser in front of the lamp. This kind of lamp can adjust the size of the light spot. The light beam is relatively concentrated, and the diffuse light next to it is relatively small. The power ranges from 0.5W to 5kW. The focal length can be divided into long, medium and short. Depending on the distance, it can be selected as needed.

2. Return light. There is no lens in front of this lamp. 2kW bulb is used, and its brightness is brighter than that of spotlight. Therefore, it is used when the stage needs strong light source and brightness. Its light beam is strong. Pay attention to its focus when dimming. It is not suitable to adjust the focus on color paper or curtain. In addition, black centers often appear in the center of this lamp when dimming. In order to avoid black centers, an annular baffle should be added in the center of the front end of the lamp to overcome this deficiency. Now a new cold light super spotlight can reduce the temperature in front of the lamp and has a good effect.

3. Imaging lamp. Or forming lamp, elliptical spotlight. There are many beam angles, which can be selected and applied according to needs. The main feature is that the light spot can be cut into square, diamond, triangle and other shapes like a slide, or projected into various patterns. The power is 1kW, 2kW and so on, which can be configured optionally.

4. Jane lamp. Also known as PAP lamp, or beam lamp. Its structure is to install a mirror bulb in the cylinder. Its main characteristics are that it emits a fixed beam and has a variety of angular widths, but its spot size cannot be adjusted.

5. Sky lights. High power astigmatism lamp is used to illuminate the sky curtain from top to bottom.

6. Floor lamp. The high-power astigmatism lamp is used to be placed on the stage and irradiated upward from the lower part of the sky curtain, which is connected with the light irradiated by the sky row lamp to make the stage light uniform and balanced up and down.

7. Astigmatism bar lamp. It is a long strip shape, divided into multiple grids, which can generally be divided into three or four colors. The power of incandescent bulb for each grid is about 200W. It is required that all colors should be connected evenly, balanced in a large area and large irradiation area. Illumination screen or painting screen can also be used as large-area balanced light paving. Light of various colors can be used at the same time, and different color beams can be called out.

8. General astigmatism lamp. For example, iodine tungsten lamp and ordinary floodlight are mainly used to illuminate a certain area evenly and do some scenery.

9. Basic effect lamp. It is composed of directional beam lamps and lanterns, which has the modeling beauty of three-dimensional space and colorful changes. The modeling can be combined and changed by the stage lighting division at will.

10. Special effect lamp. Computer lamp is the best special effect lamp because of its superior performance and ever-changing effect. At the same time, due to the use of computer lights, the number of basic effect lights can be relatively reduced.

11. Lighting console. The brightness of the above lights needs to be controlled. Thyristor equipment is generally used for control. When selecting the lighting console, the console with strong effect and function, large number of controllable circuits and convenient operation should be selected.

The lamps and lanterns described above are the basic lamps and lanterns used on the general stage. Of course, other kinds of lamps and lanterns should be configured due to different forms of plays. The way of configuring lamps and lanterns can be changed according to needs. The basic principle of configuration is to scientifically consider the performance of various lamps and lanterns, so that the lamps and lanterns used can give full play to their role, serve the best performance effect and achieve perfection